AGRO-ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECOTOXICOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS OF AGROSPHERE

Abstract

Soils are the main component of terrestrial ecosystems that have been formed over geological time as a result of biotic and abiotic factors. Today, the issue of soil protection is particularly relevant in connection with the growth of the global population and uneven food security. Therefore, maintaining and improving soil fertility, providing the soil with agrochemical indicators within normal limits (pH, humus, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium), preventing their depletion, erosion, salinization, waterlogging and pollution by toxic substances are key to achieving higher yields, increasing the number and purity the environment Therefore, the main challenge today is the rational use of land and potential resources in agricultural production, which requires appropriate scientific support. Implementation of measures to prevent soil pollution by heavy metals, pesticides, industrial emissions, strengthening the responsibility of land users and owners for the rational use and protection of land; increasing the productivity of agricultural land by optimizing the sown areas and the structure of crop rotation to increase the productivity of agricultural land, implementing state control over measures to protect and restore soil fertility – all this is a necessary condition for monitoring the condition of the soil. The purpose of the work is to conduct a comparative characterization of the ecotoxicological and agroecological state of the soils of the agrosphere (on the example of the soils of the village of Sytkivtsi of the Raigorod Territorial Community of the Haysyn District of the Vinnytsia Region). Research methodology. Laboratory analyzes were carried out in a certified and accredited laboratory – the Scientific and Measuring Agrochemical Laboratory of the Educational and Scientific Institute of Agrotechnology and Environmental Sciences of the Vinnytsia National Agrarian University. Observations, records and measurements were carried out according to generally accepted methods: determination of the content of mobile forms of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu) – after extraction with an acetate-ammonium buffer solution pH 4.8 by the method of atomic absorption spectrophotometry in accordance with SSU 4770. The research was conducted on the territory of the village of Sytkivtsi, Raigorod territorial community, Haysyn district, Vinnytsia region. Samples for analysis were taken at three points in the village Sitkivtsi, in order to find out the potential pollution on the territory of the territorial community and to compare the values with the values of a potentially clean homestead: homestead – area of 0.18 ha (organic fertilization – humus, siderates) open joint-stock company Sitkovetsky Sugar Plant (production and sale of products discontinued 17 years ago) and solid waste landfill (sanctioned). Scientific novelty. The conducted research made it possible to determine the agro-ecological indicators of soils and the levels of accumulation of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu) at various points of soil sampling in the agrosphere for their further use for agricultural purposes. Conclusions. It was investigated, the lowest agro-ecological indicators were found in the 3rd sample, which was selected within the authorized landfill: soil acidity – 5.8, average availability of soil with humus, nitrogen, mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. It was established that in the studied samples the content of heavy metals was found to be the highest in the sample from the landfill compared to samples 1 and 2: lead – 5.17 mg/kg, cadmium – 0.38 mg/kg, zinc – 21.15 mg/kg and copper – 2.74 mg/kg, which did not exceed the maximum permissible norms. The hazard ratio was highest in sample 3 (sanctioned landfill), but did not exceed 1.