FEATURES OF POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

Abstract

The purpose of the article is to study the features of post-traumatic stress disorder in preschool children. The research methodology is based on a combination of such theoretical methods as analysis, synthesis and generalisation. The scientific novelty is that using the method of analysis of scientific literature analized the impact of traumatic events on the condition of preschool children was carried out. Conclusions. The war in Ukraine, which has been going on for 10 years, has not only led to the death of a large number of people, but also provoked the emergence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in both the military and civilian population. Children are active witnesses of the processes taking place in society. Compared to adults, it is more difficult for children to survive situations of instability and, perhaps, expectations of something worse. Post-traumatic stress is a common consequence of experiencing horrific and lifethreatening events. The traumatic event memory is so strong that it penetrates the mind uncontrollably. The natural reaction to this is to try to push it out and avoid any reminders of it. However, this provides only temporary relief, which can further complicate the problem, as horrific events memories return. One of the reasons for the development of PTSD is memory. The mechanism of traumatic memory, which is necessary for an individual’s survival, causes post-traumatic disorders. Acute memories of a traumatic event can appear even after many years. On the one hand, children experience trauma easier, because they have no experience and understanding of how it should happen, and on the other hand, it is more difficult, because they are unable to cope on their own and are almost completely dependent on the reactions and understanding of the situation by their parents from a psychological point of view, and from a physical point of view – immature brain structures and lower energy reserves of the body compared to adults. Unfortunately, at present there are no uniform criteria according to which it would be possible to ensure early detection of suspected PTSD and refer children to a specialist for in-depth assessment and decision-making on the provision of assistance/support.