DRUG ADDICTION FROM A PSYCHODYNAMIC POINT OF VIEW

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to present a psychodynamic analysis of the phenomenon of drug addiction– revealing its underlying psychological mechanisms–and to theoretically analyze drug addiction through the lens of psychodynamic theory. The research methodology is based on methods of theoretical analysis, systematization, and synthesis of scientific literature. An interdisciplinary approach is employed, combining insights from the psychology of addiction, clinical psychology, and neurobiology to explain the underlying mechanisms of drug addiction development. The scientific novelty of article presents an overview of contemporary psychodynamic addiction therapy, encompassing evidence-based approaches–such as short-term individual models and group methods–that aim to integrate affects, strengthen the Ego, and restore the personal integrity compromised by addiction. It highlights that psychodynamic theory views addiction not merely as a biological or behavioral disorder, but as a manifestation of unconscious internal conflicts. Conclusions. Psychodynamic theory offers a profound, holistic view of addiction as a symptom of inner life that reflects conflicts, traumas, and disturbances in the development of the "Self." Specifically, the psychodynamic perspective explains how early relational traumas, attachment deficits, and emotional dysregulation shape vulnerability to addictive behavior. It views substance use as an attempt to regulate intolerable affects and, simultaneously, as an unconscious survival strategy that compensates for deep emotional deficits. Psychodynamic interventions are comparable in effectiveness to cognitive-behavioral methods in reducing addiction symptoms, improving treatment engagement, and achieving long-term remission, particularly in cases of cocaine addiction. Thus, the psychodynamic approach does not contradict biological or behavioral models but rather complements them by revealing the psychological origins of addiction. Its unique value lies in its focus on the inner world, attachment history, and unconscious motivations