THE HEALTH CONDITION OF PUBLIC TREE STANDS IN A LARGE CITY IN RELATION TO THEIR TYPOLOGICAL AND SPECIES DIVERSITY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF KHARKIV)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.32782/2786-5681-2024-2.04Keywords:
ecosystem services, green infrastructure, species diversity, tree health state, urban forestAbstract
The aim of the study was to determine the species composition, assess the species diversity and current tree health condition, and outline the ecosystem services of urban forest in the Shevchenkivskyi district of the city of Kharkiv, Ukraine. The subject of the study is ecosystem services and the sanitary condition of tree plantations in a large city. Object of research – public tree stands in Kharkiv. The research methodology. In this study, we used a mixed methodology for inventory and assessing the sanitary condition of tree stands on sample sites of arbitrary configuration and variable area, standardized by the number of individual trees (n=20). We assessed the sanitary condition of public tree stands of the following types: street tree-line walks; alleys and boulevards; parks, gardens and squares, except for large parks; and intra-quarter plantations. The paper investigates the species composition, taxonomic and age structure of urban tree stands (920 trees, 46 sampling sites) within the Shevchenkivskyi district of the city of Kharkiv. A total of 52 species of woody plants were recorded, 30 of which are allochthonous. The dominant species in the plantations are the Norway Maple Acer platanoides (23.9% of the total sample) and the Horse Chestnut Aesculus hyppocastanum (13.5%). The highest level of species richness was found for intra-quarter and street tree-line walks (41 and 26 species, respectively), and the lowest – in the plantings of small parks and squares (11–13 species). Among the historical neighborhoods of the Shevchenkivskyi district, the most diverse were the tree stands in Oleksiivka. In the age structure of the plantations, trees of all age classes from I to V with the predominance of the third class (middle-aged) were represented. The average values of the sanitary condition index of plantations at the points range from 1.25±0.10 (healthy-to-weaken) to 3.50±0.35 (drycrowned); in the whole sample – 2.29±0.04, which means a weakened health state. Conclusions. In general, no significant relationship was found between the sanitary condition of tree stands and their species diversity. Consequently, these two characteristics of tree assemblages vary independently of each other, as different tree species respond differently to the same growing conditions and to the effects of various stressors. The sanitary condition of both tree stands as a whole and individual trees deteriorates with age. The best maintained plantations were those in public gardens, which is reflected in the average sanitary condition indicators, which are significantly different to a better state from the other types of plantations.
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