MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES OF HEALTH CARE FINANCING IN THE PUBLIC CONTEXT OF HUMANITARIAN POLICY: EUROPEAN EXPERIENCE AND PERSPECTIVES

Abstract

The article defines that the main source of health care financing in most countries is contributions to mandatory health insurance, which are deducted on a parity basis by employers and employees. The deficit of mandatory and private health insurance funds is covered by state loans, funds from voluntary health insurance at the expense of employers or from citizens’ own funds are also directed to health care financing. In many states, payment for medical services and medicines can also be made from the patients’ own funds. Management approaches based on the fact that the differentiation of responsibility for the provision of medical care is based on the fact that the general issues of health care development are decided by central management bodies, and the organization and planning of the activities of medical institutions in the field are the responsibility of local authorities. The main feature of the budget model of health care financing is equal access to medical care for all citizens, therefore this circumstance prevents the formation of social inequality in terms of the population’s access to health care services. It was found that the main characteristics of the system of budgetary financing of health care are the general coverage of the population with health care services, financing from the state budget, control by the parliament and management of government bodies. In most countries with a budgetary model of health care financing, the duty to define public health policy and the responsibility for ensuring access to medical care rest with the central executive authorities in the field of health care.It has been proven that the budgetary model of health care, in contrast to insurance systems, is characterized by greater efficiency, which is manifested in a lower level of administrative costs. This is due to the fact that the state can restrain the growth of health care costs with the help of macroeconomic levers. In budgetary financing of health care, the incentives to contain costs and the ability to do so are combined in one body, which allows saving resources and eliminating duplication of functions. It is substantiated that, unlike foreign budgetary health care systems, most of which were formed several decades later, the Ukrainian health care system was characterized by the main role of the state in the organization of health care and excessive centralization of management.