IMPROVEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE MILK PRODUCTION METHODS ON CATTLE FARMS AND TECHNOLOGIES ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF ORGANIC AND BIOLOGICAL AGRICULTURE

Abstract

The production of ecologically safe crop and livestock products remains an urgent problem for the sustainable development of various countries of the world. In the post-war period, the restoration of agricultural production in Ukraine will require effective scientifically proven technologies for conducting organic and biological farming with the production of milk, meat, etc. of products that will meet domestic and international quality standards, ensured stable employment of people and export of high-quality products. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the production of ecologically safe livestock products in compliance with domestic and international requirements, the development of organic and biological agriculture in Ukraine, taking into account today’s challenges and for the post-war period. The research methodology is based on the results of own experiments on the production of ecologically safe milk, monitoring of agrobiogeocenoses, which were carried out in farms of different soil and climatic zones of Ukraine. When conducting a scientific experiment with dairy cows of the black and red-speckled dairy breed, the methods generally accepted in zootechnical practice were followed, and the method of ecological monitoring of ecosystems is used constantly. Biochemical analysis of samples of plant and animal origin for the content of macro- and microelements, toxic metals, etc. carried out by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (spectrophotometer AAS-30). The material of the analysis is the scientists’ own research, domestic and international legal documents and scientific publications. The analysis of biometric data was performed taking into account the characteristics of the obtained results: the size of the sample, the type of data distribution, the nature of variances. For each sample, the average value of the trait in the sample (M) and standard deviation (SD) were calculated, the assessment is given as M ± SD. Differences between mean values were considered statistically significant at P<0.05. The calculation was carried out in the STATISTICA software package version 10.0. The ecological state of agro-ecosystems of forest-steppe, steppe, woodland, organic and biological agriculture was studied. Pollution of the environment with toxic metals cadmium, lead as a result of technogenic influence and hostilities, mining and explosive ruptures, etc. negatively affects the state of agroecosystems. There are good examples of organic and biological farming in Ukrainian farms. Produced dairy and meat products meet domestic and international quality standards. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the state of organic and biological agriculture in Ukraine was comprehensively analyzed and the improvement of the technology for the production of ecologically safe cow’s milk in conditions of contamination of agroecosystems with heavy metals was proposed for the first time. Conclusions. The methods proposed by us for improving the technology of production of environmentally safe milk by feeding dairy cows a special mineralvitamin premix in a complex with a phytobiopreparation ensure increased excretion of toxicants with excrement and the production of environmentally safe milk in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 853/2004 and No. 1881/2006. The application of manure as an organic fertilizer in farms with organic production requires systematic monitoring of the migration of pollutants in the soils of agricultural lands of pastoral farms for the maintenance of dairy cows of the foreststeppe, etc. agricultural zones. Composting manure by mixing it with peat, earth, straw, and sawdust with materials safer in terms of the content of heavy metals will reduce the concentration of toxicants in organic fertilizers. Organic and biological agriculture and the production of animal husbandry products have indisputable advantages over traditional agriculture in terms of environmental safety of products, biological integrity, and high quality. Further research on the influence of incorporated heavy metals on the content of somatic cells in the milk of dairy cows.