GENDER ASPECTS OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING OF THE INDIVIDUAL IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSFORMATION AND SOCIAL CHANGE

Abstract

The purpose of the article is the analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the definition of the categories of «psychological well-being» and «happiness», an empirical study of the gender aspects of the manifestation of a sense of psychological well-being and happiness in adults in the conditions of transformation and social change. The research methodology is based on the principles of the existential-humanistic approach, scientific ideas about the essence and varieties of personal well-being, conceptual provisions about the essence, factors and dynamics of personal wellbeing. Psychological well-being is considered in the consensus of hedonistic (N. Bradburn), eudaemonistic (E. Disi, R. Ryan, K. Riff) and integrative approaches (A. V. Voronina, Yu. M. Oleksandrov, O. S. Shiryaeva, etc.). Theoretical and methodological aspects are actively developed in the works of domestic authors (O. M. Hrubyak, V. M. Dukhnevych, O. M. Znanetska, S. V. Karskanova, L. Z. Serdyuk, T. M. Tytarenko, etc. ) and foreign scientists (M. Argyle , I. Bonnivell, E. Diner, M. Seligman, etc.). The scientific novelty is expanded and supplemented idea of content concept psychological well-being of the individual, his structures and factors, theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the components of psychological well-being are systematized, gender aspects of living psychological well-being in adulthood are analyzed in the conditions of transformations and social changes. Conclusions. Psychological well-being is the central link to personal potential. Factors that determine the level of psychological well-being include: external (biological, social, material goods), personal (temperament properties, basic personality properties, positive character traits), interpersonal (effective interpersonal interaction, socially significant achievements), subjective– personal factors (dominance of positive affect, satisfaction with life). In the aspect of gender difference, the factors of psychological well-being according to the presented scales indicate that men, unlike women, have a significantly higher indicator of the «environmental management» factor. The 'personal growth' scale found no significant differences in the results between the female and male groups. A high rate of « self-acceptance « among both women and men indicates that respondents of both sexes have a positive attitude towards themselves, recognize and accept their own personal diversity. Both gender groups have the same results for the 'positive relations with others' and 'autonomy' scales. The study group did not have high indicators of happiness, which is a result of stressogenic factors that affect the life of a modern person.