BIOINDICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGIES IN ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION

Abstract

Addressing the environmental crisis is a key task for national policies in many countries, involving a shift in human attitudes towards nature and the development of ecological awareness. Environmental education, as part of the national education system, fosters ecological culture, enhances the intellectual and spiritual potential of society, supports sustainable development, harmonizes the interaction between society and nature, and addresses ecological issues. This article explores the potential of bioindication in environmental education for analyzing air and water environments. Special attention is given to the use of lichen indicators for assessing atmospheric pollution in student project and research activities. The main bioindication methods recommended for environmental monitoring are identified, and the implementation of zoobenthic bioindication methods (e.g., Meyer’s method) for water environment studies is proposed. The aim of the article is to analyze both international and domestic experiences related to environmental education. The research methodology is based on analyzing available work by practitioners in environmental education, interactions with educational institutions, supplementary education organizations, volunteer initiatives, and relevant methodological and legal documents. The scientific novelty of the work is lies in the comprehensive approach to environmental education, the integration of social and ethical aspects, the definition of new principles and methods, as well as the emphasis on practically enhancing students’ competencies through bioindication methods. Conclusions: Environmental education is crucial for sustainable development, integrating socio-economic and moral-ethical aspects. It aims to enhance ecological awareness, foster environmental responsibility, and develop ethical behavior. Key principles of environmental education include “anticipatory reflection,” the value-material unity of the world, a local studies approach, and the principle “think globally – act locally.” Bioindication methods are effective tools for various levels of environmental education. Implementing bioindication methods helps enhance students’ knowledge and skills, increasing their competence in ecology and environmental management.